1 10 101 https://mirrorofrace.bc.edu/files/original/10ddd713d2b9a3e724d4581983229a13.jpg 26393048ef4924aef25bff4b6d3d83b3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gender Benders Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Exhibition Name Name of the exhibition in which the item appears Gender Benders Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Carte de visite Factual Commentary Factual Commentary A staunch advocate of women’s rights, Dr. Mary Edwards Walker (1832-1919) was one of the first American women to go to medical school; , during the Civil War, she also became one of the first women to serve as a surgeon for the military, operating on wounded Union soldiers as well as tending civilians on both sides. She served with such distinction that she became the first woman to earn the Congressional Medal of Honor, which she wears here on her left shoulder. Dr. Walker was also a daring believer in the reform of women’s clothing: In this photograph she wears pants (then worn only by men) and a comfortable tunic that allowed the ease of movement needed for the active life of a doctor, then almost universally a man’s profession, while posing in front of a mirror to celebrate her femininity, symbolized by her long hair Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Figure 1 Title A name given to the resource Dr. Mary Walker Subject The topic of the resource Dr. Mary Walker Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Elliott and Fry (London, England) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1866 Type The nature or genre of the resource Studio Portrait Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Greg French Collection https://mirrorofrace.bc.edu/files/original/42be839ef7e851f3ce567b670d826e85.jpg 579d00d516502ec2f50a394bb51807d8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gender Benders Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Exhibition Name Name of the exhibition in which the item appears Gender Benders Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Carte de visite, albumen print Factual Commentary Factual Commentary Pauline Cushman (1833-1893) was born Harriet Wood in New Orleans and grew up in Grand Rapids, Michigan. She began a theatrical career in Louisiana in 1851 with “Pauline Cushman” as a stage name. During the Civil War, she became a spy for the Union, supposedly dressing as a man to infiltrate Confederate lines. Cushman narrowly escaped execution once when caught. Granted the honorary rank of major by General James Garfield (later president), after the war she toured and lectured in uniform as “Miss Major Pauline Cushman.” For more on Cushman’s exploits, see Pauline Cushman: Spy of the Cumberland (2006), by William J. Christen; for a contemporary (1865) account, see Life of Pauline Cushman, by F. L. Sarmiento. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Figure 2 Title A name given to the resource Miss Major Pauline Cushman Subject The topic of the resource Miss Major Pauline Cushman Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource E. and H. T. Anthony (New York) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1864-66 Type The nature or genre of the resource Studio Portrait Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Greg French Collection https://mirrorofrace.bc.edu/files/original/c9756288312827168b037e7a1c8fa923.jpg 05a4a65cf32bc6a4832c2a3588128581 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gender Benders Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Exhibition Name Name of the exhibition in which the item appears Gender Benders Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Carte de visite, albumen prin Factual Commentary Factual Commentary Kady Brownell (1842-1915) was born in South Africa, in the camp of an officer of the British army, where she became used to military life. Around 1860, he immigrated to Providence, Rhode Island, where she worked in a factory and fell in love with the man she married, Robert Brownell. When Robert enlisted in a Rhode Island regiment, Kady insisted on joining him. She learned to shoot, use the sword, and bear the regimental flag. For a contemporary account of how she participated bravely in the battles of Bull Run and New Bern, see Women of the War: Their Heroism and Self-sacrifice (1866), by Frank Moore, pages 54-64. Brownell was the only woman in the Civil War to receive military discharge papers and, eventually, a veteran’s pension. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Figure 3 Title A name given to the resource Kady Brownell Subject The topic of the resource Kady Brownell Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1861-65 Type The nature or genre of the resource Studio Portrait Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Greg French Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource photographer Unknown Photographer Photographer https://mirrorofrace.bc.edu/files/original/6e0e3fd052cbb9055318ffb1acd9587f.jpg a3b73b8d9bc1e9a5eac3147ce1b23793 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gender Benders Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Exhibition Name Name of the exhibition in which the item appears Gender Benders Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Carte de visite, albumen print Factual Commentary Factual Commentary Mary Tebe (also known as Marie or Mary Tepe, French Mary, and Zouave Mary) was a vivandiere with Pennsylvania’s 114th Regiment, Collis’ Zouaves. Zouaves were units in the Civil War that modeled their uniforms on French Algerian troops; as a vivandiere, Mary Tebe was a paid member of the regiment who served in many support roles, but especially as a nurse on and off the battlefield. Here, she wears a uniform modeled on that of Collis’ Zouaves; she carries her cask to administer water or spirits to wounded soldiers, and she wears the Kearny Cross that she was awarded for her bravery at the battle of Fredricksburg. Tebe also served at Gettysburg. For a contemporary description of Zouave Mary, see Four Brothers in Blue, by Robert Goldthwaite Carter, pages 281-3. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Figure 4 Title A name given to the resource Mary Tebe Subject The topic of the resource Mary Tebe Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource R. W. Addis (Washington, DC) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1865 Type The nature or genre of the resource Studio Portrait Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Greg French Collection https://mirrorofrace.bc.edu/files/original/f495abfbb6008763f21e99523f654d7a.tif 43c7fa8f0ae118466edee25152ce9077 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gender Benders Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Exhibition Name Name of the exhibition in which the item appears Gender Benders Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Tintype Factual Commentary Factual Commentary Albert Cashier (1843-1915), seated on the left, emigrated from Ireland to America as Jennie Hodgers. In 1862, Hodgers assumed the name Albert Cashier to enlist in the 95th Illinois infantry, serving through the war undiscovered and fighting in many battles. For half a century after the war, Cashier maintained an identity as a man, living in Saunemin, a small town in Illinois, drawing a military pension. When Cashier’s biological identity as female was revealed after an accident, he was forced to wear a dress, but former comrades rallied to him to ensure he kept his pension and was buried in his uniform. For a deposition in that case, see here. Cashier’s career is documented in They Fought Like Demons: Women Soldiers in the Civil War, by De Anne Blanton and Lauren Cook. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Figure 5 Title A name given to the resource Albert Cashier and unknown sergeant Subject The topic of the resource Albert Cashier and unknown sergeant Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1865 Type The nature or genre of the resource Studio Portrait Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. The Gilder Lehrman Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource photographer Unknown Photographer Photographer https://mirrorofrace.bc.edu/files/original/5dca36daab7f86c0db028978af3e60b4.jpg fd30d15095e4cdc8aa38f44853d30e63 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gender Benders Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Exhibition Name Name of the exhibition in which the item appears Gender Benders Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Carte de visite, albumen print Factual Commentary Factual Commentary Frances Clalin Clayton (misidentified as Celetin on the back of this photo) was one of possibly hundreds of women who passed as men to fight in the Civil War. She adopted the name Jack Williams to join her husband, Elmer Clayton, when he enlisted in the Union army. She served in both the artillery and cavalry (her uniform here), and fought in several battles, including Fort Donelson and Stones River, where Elmer was killed right in front of her, but she stepped over him and kept on fighting. For a book about Clayton and other gender-bending warriors, see They Fought Like Demons: Women Soldiers in the Civil War, by De Anne Blanton and Lauren Cook. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Figure 6 Title A name given to the resource Frances Clalin Clayton, aka Jack Williams Subject The topic of the resource Frances Clalin Clayton, aka Jack Williams Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Samuel Masury (Boston) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1865 Type The nature or genre of the resource Studio Portrait Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Greg French Collection https://mirrorofrace.bc.edu/files/original/19b35c45451f81732caf827235488c1a.jpg e6ddaeae91de156617d5af6b3dd49d38 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coming to America Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Exhibition Name Name of the exhibition in which the item appears Coming to America Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Tintype Factual Commentary Factual Commentary There is something touching about this image of a young woman — just a girl, really — in a traditional, local European costume, waving an American flag as she comes ashore in an elaborate studio prop of a rowboat. It is as if she had rowed herself over from Europe to America. In this naïve hopefulness, she seems embody the most positive aspirations of the waves of millions of immigrants who came from Europe in the latter part of the 19th century. If any viewer can identify what region her costume comes from, we would like to hear from you. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Figure 1 Title A name given to the resource Anonymous woman Subject The topic of the resource Anonymous woman Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource anonymous photographer Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1870s Type The nature or genre of the resource Studio Portrait Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Gregory Fried Collection https://mirrorofrace.bc.edu/files/original/e2ab3b643e6ec7200892f7178869de25.tif d1063990c5d0c41bae308f28f939d88e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coming to America Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Exhibition Name Name of the exhibition in which the item appears Coming to America Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Daguerreotype Factual Commentary Factual Commentary We can be quite confident that these are an Irish man and boy, possibly (even probably) recent immigrants, because of the very distinct style of drum that the man holds. It is an Irish bodhran, played with a short wooden striker that is twirled by the fingers, and which can just be seen as a blur in the man’s hand. Thousands upon thousands of Irish left Ireland for America during the Potato Famines, around the time this photograph was taken (cir cal 1850). They faced often intense discrimination for their religion, and Protestant Anglo-Saxons often did not accept the Irish as properly “white.” Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Figure 2 Title A name given to the resource Man and boy with Irish bodhran and fiddle Subject The topic of the resource Man and boy with Irish bodhran and fiddle Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource anonymous photographer Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1850 Type The nature or genre of the resource Studio Portrait Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Greg French Collection https://mirrorofrace.bc.edu/files/original/57be14dcd684817e4fe61082797c59a6.jpg 8f2fb15372af6c5edfee393cd7503252 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coming to America Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Exhibition Name Name of the exhibition in which the item appears Coming to America Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Carte de visite Factual Commentary Factual Commentary The two chidden, probably no more than 10 years old, seem to be Irish dancers. The pose in costume, in position to perform. The photographer has provided an elaborate painted backdrop of the interior of a rustic cottage to evoke old Ireland, complete with a jug on the floor. This suggests some serious planning, and expense, for this portrait, and these two may have been professional sibling performers. The boy’s costume is particularly distinctive, with a stylized top hat, swallow-tailed jacket, knee breeches, and a shillalagh. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Figure 3 Title A name given to the resource Irish dancers Subject The topic of the resource Irish dancer Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jason L. Warner (New York, New York) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1860s Type The nature or genre of the resource Studio Portrait Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Gregory Fried Collection https://mirrorofrace.bc.edu/files/original/953960dd5fadd238081dce9518b00946.tif 0e1a5dfca1339812e9f653dfcaae801f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coming to America Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Exhibition Name Name of the exhibition in which the item appears Coming to America Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Cabinet photograph Factual Commentary Factual Commentary N. A. Morjickian poses here in a double exposure photograph, showing himself in conventional western European clothes on the left and in traditional clothes on the right. In his autobiographical book, life of morjickian , he tells how he was born in Armenia in 1863, came to America, and entered Ohio Wesleyan University in 1882, all of which he obviously took pride in. Does an image like this demonstrate the possibility of integrating an American identity and one from the immigrant’s land of origin, or does it visually underline the schism between the two, and what is the fate of so many immigrants in America: that within a few generations, the former eclipses the latter? Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Figure 4 Title A name given to the resource N. A. Morjickian Subject The topic of the resource N. A. Morjickian Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource G. C. Urlin (Columbus, Ohio) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Date: 1886 Type The nature or genre of the resource Studio Portrait Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Greg French Collection