3 10 101 https://mirrorofrace.bc.edu/files/original/de1872af56c9097e76d6c4cca58fabc2.tif 5be83f8dbc3dd5703cd31902727ffe7a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Abolitionists Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Exhibition Name Name of the exhibition in which the item appears Abolitionists Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Cabinet card, albumen print Factual Commentary Factual Commentary Charles Sumner (1811-1874), portrayed here late in life, was a long-serving “Radical Republican” senator from Massachusetts: a staunch opponent of slavery before the Civil War, he lobbied President Lincoln to recruit Black soldiers and to make the abolition of slavery the prime and explicit aim of the war after it started. During the period of Reconstruction after the war, Sumner fought to ensure equal political and social rights for African Americans, and he also opposed discriminatory legislation against Asian immigration. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Figure 5 Title A name given to the resource Charles Sumner Subject The topic of the resource Charles Sumner Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource George Kendall Warren (Boston) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1874 Type The nature or genre of the resource Studio Portrait Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Gregory Fried Collection https://mirrorofrace.bc.edu/files/original/37155faf5d6d2a6fc7737f90a6f1aa7c.tif 589f4e0b92263015d46a1ad2aa430b39 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mirror of Race Subject The topic of the resource Mirror of Race Main Collection Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data carte de visite: albumen print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image cdv standard Factual Commentary Factual Commentary We do not know who the child or the woman in this photograph were, or where it was taken; however, the woman wears traditional Chinese clothing. Tens of thousands of Chinese immigrated to the United States after the Gold Rush to California of the late 1840s. It is likely that a white family employed this woman as a minder for their child. Interpretive Commentary Interpretive Commentary One of the ways that the races of the 19th century mixed most closely was in the domestic world of child care. For rich white families, it was a mark of status and success to be able to employ a person of another race as a domestic servant, for this both declared their wealth and served as a way to distinguish whiteness from the supposedly inferior social groups. And yet the intimacy of child care must have compromised this sense of distinctness and separation in many ways. The woman in this photograph seems austere, but she carefully holds the tiny, fragile toddler in her pose perched on a table, and the child seems to lean in to the woman for protection and support in what might well have been a fighting experience of staying still for the camera. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Figure034 Title A name given to the resource child on table with woman Subject The topic of the resource unknown Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1865 Type The nature or genre of the resource studio portrait Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Greg French Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Photographer Photographer https://mirrorofrace.bc.edu/files/original/64c59179e808335a8543769e12402e33.jpg 1ce6a2223a1162647d72dc3458e359f9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mirror of Race Subject The topic of the resource Mirror of Race Main Collection Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data daguerreotype Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image Half Plate (4.25 x 5.5 inches) Factual Commentary Factual Commentary This street scene is by James Presley Ball (1825-1904), a successful African American photographer. Ball learned the daguerreian process in 1845, and then spent most of the next 25 years in Cincinnati, where his business was successful enough to allow him to travel to Europe in 1856. He was an abolitionist, and his large and elegant studios hosted both white and black clients. This scene depicts a street in Ball’s home city, Cincinnati, featuring the building of a candy manufacturer, Myers and Co., Confectioners, along with some of the employers, and perhaps the owner himself (we do not know if Mr. Myers is one of the men standing outside). If you click on the image to the left, you can zoom in to see the extraordinary detail of this daguerreotype, including the writing on the hand-painted signs and a youthful, well-dressed black man, leaning on a post. Barely visible behind him is another black youth in a white shirt, pushing a wheelbarrow with crates of goods on it. On the street is a wagon, where the crates are being loaded for delivery. They are marked “CANDY, Myers & Co., 50 lbs.” Interpretive Commentary Interpretive Commentary J. P. Ball was a remarkably skilled photographer, as this extraordinary daguerreotype demonstrates. In the bright light of full day, Ball produced an image with beautiful tones and contrasts that even captures a sense of movement without the tell-tale blurring of a long exposure time. The resolution and detail in the photograph is exceptional, and such effects required a practitioner who had both the talent to compose a shot and the technical mastery to bring it off, both in preparing the plate and in understanding all the conditions of light and subject matter. Ball’s mastery of the process explains why he was such a successful portrait photographer, too. We cannot know for certain, but it is likely that Myers and Company commissioned J. P. Ball to make this portrait of their business, probably from a sense of pride at is success ― hence the delivery under preparation and the sense of activity. While not exactly a documentary photograph, because it was probably made on commission and not to record historical facts, early images such as this of city life are rare, and J. P. Ball executed this one with great skill. The best scholarly work on James Presley Ball is by Deborah Willis: J. P. Ball: Daguerrean and Studio Photographer (Routledge, 1993). Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Figure013 Title A name given to the resource Cincinnati street scene Subject The topic of the resource Cincinnati street scene Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource James Presley Ball (American, dates uncertain) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1850 Type The nature or genre of the resource city scene, commercial Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Greg French Collection https://mirrorofrace.bc.edu/files/original/5057a601cc5df349c7a41e245be00e91.jpg 644e447f73a3a0495f5f00ed01e1e804 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Abolitionists Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Exhibition Name Name of the exhibition in which the item appears Abolitionists Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Ambortype, sixth plate (2.75 x 3.25 inches) Factual Commentary Factual Commentary The cause of abolitionism had many adherents beyond the famous names. David James Van Meter of Rock Island, Illinois, poses here in a double portrait with his wife Martha; he holds W. O. Blake’s The History of Slavery and the Slave Trade. Published in 1857, Blake’s History is an exhaustive treatment of the subject, from the ancient world to contemporary political debates, that underlines the horrors of the middle passage in the slave trade to the Americas. David Van Meter displays the title on the spine of the book to announce his moral and political principles. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Figure 6 Title A name given to the resource David James and Martha Avery Van Meter Subject The topic of the resource David James and Martha Avery Van Meter Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1859 Type The nature or genre of the resource Studio Portrait Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Gregory Fried Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource photographer Unknown Photographer Photographer https://mirrorofrace.bc.edu/files/original/a527d2de0b11747a9bc306b17709630f.jpg 644e447f73a3a0495f5f00ed01e1e804 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mirror of Race Subject The topic of the resource Mirror of Race Main Collection Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data ambrotype Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image Sixth Plate (2.75 x 3.25 inches) (pair) Factual Commentary Factual Commentary Van Meter has posed holding a copy of W. O. Blake’s History of Slavery and the Slave Trade, Ancient and Modern. The title on the book’s spine can be seen by magnifying and reversing the image:Blake’s History was first published in 1857 by J. & H. Miller of Columbus, Ohio and sold exclusively by subscription. Blake’s History is a vast overview of the historical forms of slavery, treating the subject up to the debates over Kansas in the US Congress. It strives to maintain “objectivity,” but is clearly abolitionist in its didactic intent. The Van Meters lived near Rock Island, Illinois, and Van Meter’s posing with this book seems a clear declaration of his views on the slavery question. Presented below are the title page, two page Preface, and an illustration of a slave ship, all from Blake’s History: Interpretive Commentary Interpretive Commentary For an exhibition of portraits of abolitionists, please see this link on the Mirror of Race website.http://mirrorofrace.org/abolitionits-page/ Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Figure018 Title A name given to the resource David James Van Meter and Martha Avery Van Meter Subject The topic of the resource David James Van Meter and Martha Avery Van Meter Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource David James Van Meter and Martha Avery Van Meter Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1859 Type The nature or genre of the resource studio portrait Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Gregory Fried Collection https://mirrorofrace.bc.edu/files/original/716adf174b9f9b4b52564564c10b5166.tif aad51263ebf04fde9c6bdd7eecc45991 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mirror of Race Subject The topic of the resource Mirror of Race Main Collection Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Daguerreotype Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image Quarter plate (3 1/8" x 4 1/8") Exhibition Name Name of the exhibition in which the item appears Main Exhibition Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Figure014 Title A name given to the resource Delia Subject The topic of the resource Delia Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Joseph T. Zealy Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1850 Type The nature or genre of the resource Studio Portrait Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Harvard Peabody Museum (T1869; 35-5-10/53039) https://mirrorofrace.bc.edu/files/original/10ddd713d2b9a3e724d4581983229a13.jpg 26393048ef4924aef25bff4b6d3d83b3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gender Benders Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Exhibition Name Name of the exhibition in which the item appears Gender Benders Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Carte de visite Factual Commentary Factual Commentary A staunch advocate of women’s rights, Dr. Mary Edwards Walker (1832-1919) was one of the first American women to go to medical school; , during the Civil War, she also became one of the first women to serve as a surgeon for the military, operating on wounded Union soldiers as well as tending civilians on both sides. She served with such distinction that she became the first woman to earn the Congressional Medal of Honor, which she wears here on her left shoulder. Dr. Walker was also a daring believer in the reform of women’s clothing: In this photograph she wears pants (then worn only by men) and a comfortable tunic that allowed the ease of movement needed for the active life of a doctor, then almost universally a man’s profession, while posing in front of a mirror to celebrate her femininity, symbolized by her long hair Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Figure 1 Title A name given to the resource Dr. Mary Walker Subject The topic of the resource Dr. Mary Walker Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Elliott and Fry (London, England) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1866 Type The nature or genre of the resource Studio Portrait Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Greg French Collection https://mirrorofrace.bc.edu/files/original/79cd8141934c4bba809884a4d5f26b42.tif d1063990c5d0c41bae308f28f939d88e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mirror of Race Subject The topic of the resource Mirror of Race Main Collection Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data daguerreotype Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image Sixth Plate (2.75 x 3.25 inches) Factual Commentary Factual Commentary We know little about this image; however, the man on the left is holding a bodhram, a traditional Irish drum. It is quite possible that these two are Irish immigrants. The style of the image case and the photograph, a daguerreotype, suggest a date of around 1850, and so they may also be refugees from the great Potato Famine that raged in Ireland from 1845 to 1852. Interpretive Commentary Interpretive Commentary The Mirror of Race is interested in exploring the question of what constitutes "Whiteness." Who counts as white, and how does this get articulated in law, in society, and visually in photographs? In the case of the Irish, there was considerable debate in the 19th century in the United States as to whether they could count as properly "white," and the Irish faced tremendous discrimination when here. We are hoping to publish essays on the issue of Whiteness and on the Irish experience and its broader meaning for race in general. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Figure010 Title A name given to the resource Drummer and Fiddler Subject The topic of the resource Unknown Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1850 Type The nature or genre of the resource studio portrait Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Greg French Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown Photographer https://mirrorofrace.bc.edu/files/original/ea67a9f562380470277b0710b0878d4f.tif 9f37b03d39e29da4ca460fa42258db53 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Slaves in Black and White Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Exhibition Name Name of the exhibition in which the item appears Slaves in Black and White Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data albumen print Factual Commentary Factual Commentary This larger format photograph is the only known portrait of the entire New Orleans group, including three adults (Wilson Chinn, Mary Johnson, and Robert Whitehead) and five children (Charles Taylor, Augusta Broujey, Isaac White, Rebecca Huger, and Rosina Downs). Note that the negative has been retouched to emphasize the initials “VBM” that Chinn’s former owner, Volsey B. Marmillion branded onto his forehead. This image also tells us that Colonel George H. Hanks brought the group north for its tour and that the children come from the free schools established by General Banks for the education of emancipated slaves.Each member of this group is described in a story of January 30, 1864 in <i>Harper’s Weekly. For an analysis and bibliography, see the essay on ”White Slaves” by Celia Caust-Ellenbogen. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Figure 1 Title A name given to the resource Emancipated Slaves Subject The topic of the resource Emancipated Slaves Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Myron H. Kimball (New York) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1863 Type The nature or genre of the resource Studio Portrait Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. New York Historical Society Collection https://mirrorofrace.bc.edu/files/original/8bf03874b480258ca7c1ed56864955fe.pdf 7482b1f736b0cab6288418d0a07db967 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Critical Analysis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fair Women and Transformed into Negresses Description An account of the resource A med­i­ta­tion on writ­ing about oppressed indi­vid­u­als pho­tographed for sci­en­tific pur­poses, and whether it is pos­si­ble to lib­er­ate such peo­ple through an act of imagination. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Molly Rogers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource January 18, 2012 Type The nature or genre of the resource Essay